Abstract
The article examines argument based on Roman law in Chapter V of Hugo Grotius' Mare liberum, sive de iure quod Batavis competit ad indicana commercia dissertatio. This short treatise, constituting in fact an extra from a larger work known as De iure praedae commentarius, not published during Grotius' lifetime, is an excellent example of how new normative solutions can be developed on the basis of existing legal institutions. Some of these institutions, despite having been developed as a part of the ancient Roman law, were treated by Grotius as having their origins in natural law (ius naturale), or the law of nations (ius gentium). The reference to natural law certainly facilitated the transposition of institutions that had historically fitted into the framework of private law (ius privatum) into the realm of public law (ius publicum). This tendency was one of the key factors in development of the early modern concept of ius gentium. Hence, the analysis covers the intitutions and concepts invoked by Grotius, such as, in particular, occupatio, res publicae, and res omnium communes. Their use is a proof of the realism of Grotius, who creatively applied the intitutions of Roman private law to public juridiction over the seas.
References
Azo Portius, Summa aurea (Excudebat Petrus Fradin, 1557) (reprint: MinervaGmbH, 1968).
Baldus de Ubaldis, In primam Digesti veteris partem commentaria (Iuntas, 1577).
Bartolus de Saxoferrato, Super Institutionibus Iuris Civilis Commentaria (Apud Sebastianum de Honoratis, 1559).
Berger, Adolf, Encyclopedic Dictionary of Roman Law (American Philosophical Society, 1953).
Bodin, Jean, Les six livres de la Republique (Jacques du Puys, Libraire Iure, a la Saamaritaine, 1577).
Bonfante, Pietro, Corso di diritto romano, vol 2. La proprieta (Giuffre Editore, 1966).
Bonfante, Pietro, Diritto Romano (Cammelli, 1900).
Brutti, Massimo, Potere imperiale e giurisprudenza, in Lineamenti di storia del diritto romano, Mario Talamanca ed. (Giuffre Editore, 1979), 473-480.
Buckland, William Warwick, A Text-Book of Roman Law from Augustus to Justinian, (Cambridge University Press, 1921).
Corpus Iuris Civilis Iustinianei. Tomus hic Primus Digestum Vetus continet, Dionysius Gothofredus ed. (Ioannis Fehi Gaildorphensis IC, 1627).
Corpus Iuris Civilis Iustinianei. Tomus hic Tertius Digestum Novum continet, Dionysius Gothofredus ed. (Ioannis Fehi Gaildorphensis IC, 1627).
Detter, Ingrid, Philosophy of Law of Nations (Montes Jagiellonica, 2018).
Donellus, Commentarii de iure civili, vol. 2 (Apud Bauer et Raspe, 1822).
Gentili, Alberico, Hispanicae advocationis, (Apud haeredes Guilielmi Antonii, 1613).
Gentili, Alberico, Hispanicae advocationis libri duo, vol. 2, Frank F. Abbott trans. (Oxford University Press).
Grotius, Hugo, De iure belli et pacis libri tres, vol. 1, William Whewell ed. and trans. (John W. Parker, 1853).
Grotius, Hugo, Mare Liberum 1609-2009. Original Latin Text and English Translation, Robert Feenstra ed. (Brill, 2009).
Grotius, Hugo, Mare liberum, sive de iure quod Batavis competit ad indicana commercia dissertatio (Officina Ludovici Elzevirii, 1609). Grotius, Hugo, The Free Sea, Richard Hakluyt transl., David Armitage ed. (Liberty Fund, 2004).
Haggenmacher, Peter, "Genese et Signification du Concept de Ius Gentium chez Grotius", Grotiana 1 (1981), 44-102.
Hautefeuille, Laurent Basile, Histoire des origines, des progres et des variations du droit maritime international (Guillaumine et Cie, 1869).
Ittersum, Martine van, "Dating the manuscript of De Jure Praedae (1604-1608): What watermarks, foliation and quire divisions can tell us about Hugo Grotius" development as a natural rights and natural law theorist", History of European Ideas 35 (2009) No. 2, 125-193.
Ittersum, Martine van, "Mare Liberum Versus the Propriety of the Seas?", Edinburgh Law Review 10 (2006) No. 2, 239-276.
Ito, Fujio, "The Thought of Hugo Grotius in the Mare Liberum", Japanese Annual of International Law 18 (1974), 1-15.
Kant, Immanuel, The Philosophy of Law: An Exposition of the Fundamental Principles of Jurisprudence as the Science of Right, William Hastie trans. (Clark, 1887). Kaser, Max, Ius gentium (Bohlau Verlag, 1993).
Knight, William Stanley Macbean, Life and Works of Hugo Grotius (Sweet and Maxwell, 1925).
Koschaker, Paul, L"Europa e il diritto romano, Arnoldo Biscardi transl. (Sansoni, 1962).
Lauterpacht, Hersch, Private Law Analogies in International Law ([no publisher], 1926).
Lesaffer, Randall, Roman Law and the Intellectual History of International Law, in The Oxford Handbook of the Theory of International Law, Anne Orford, Florian Hoffmann eds. (Oxford University Press, 2016), 38-58.
Longo, Carlo, Corso di diritto Romano. Le cose - la proprieta e i suoi modi di acquisto (Giuffre Editore, 1946).
Nifterik, Gustaaf van, Nijman, Janne, "Introduction: Mare Liberum Revisited (1609-2009)", Grotiana 30 (2009), 3-19.
Nys, Ernest, Les origines du droit international (Alfred Castaigne - Thorin & Fils, 1894).
Perruso, Richard, "The Development of the Doctrine of Res Communes in Medieval and Early Modern Europe", Legal History Review 70 (2002), 69-94.
Placentinus, Summa Institutionum (per Ivonem Schoeffer, 1535).
Schermaier, Martin, "Res communes omnium. The History of an Idea from Greek Philosophy to Grotian Jurisprudence", Grotiana 30 (2009), 20-48.
Schmitt, Carl, Nomos of the Earth in the Interantional Law of the Ius Publicum Europaeum, Gary L. Ulmen transl. (Teolos Press, 2003). Scott, James Brown, Law, the State and the International Community, vol. 1 (Columbia University Press, 1939).
Straumann, Benjamin, "Ancient Caesarian Lawyers in a State of Nature: Roman Tradition and Natural Rights in Hugo Grotius"s De Iure Praedae", Political Theory 34 (2006) No. 3, 328-350.
Straumann, Benjamin, Roman Law in the State of Nature. The Classical Foundations of Hugo Grotius Natural Law (Cambridge University Press, 2015).
The Digest of Justinian, vol. 1-4, Alan Watson ed. (University of Pennsylvania Press, 1998).
The Etymologies of Isidore of Seville, Stephen A. Barney, Walter J. Lewis, Jennifer A. Beach, Oliver Berghof trans. (Cambridge University Press, 2006).
The "Summa Theologica" of Saint Thomas Aquinas, vol. 10, pt. 2, Literally translated by Fathers of the English Dominican Province (Burns Oates & Washbourne Ltd., 1929).
Vinogradoff, Paul, Roman Law in Medieval Europe (Oxford University Press, 1961).
Victoria, Francisco de, De Indis et de iure belli relectiones, Ernest Nys ed., John P. Bate trans. (Carnegie Institution of Washington, 1917). Vitoria, Francisco de, RelectionesTheologicae (en la oficina de Manuel Martin y a su costa, 1765). Voci, Pasquale, Modi di acquisto della proprieta (corso di diritto romano) (Giuffre Editore, 1953). Wagner, Andreas, "Lessons of Imperialism and of the Law of Nations: Alberico Gentili"s Early Modern Appeal to Roman Law", European Journal of International Law 23 (2012) No. 3, 873-886.
Ziskind, Jonathan, "International Law and Ancient Sources: Grotius and Selden", The Review of Politics 35 (1973) No. 4, 537-559.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Copyright (c) 2024 Forum Prawnicze